The ACT is an achievement test, measuring what a student has learned in school. The SAT is more of an aptitude test, testing reasoning, and verbal abilities. The ACThas up to 5 components: English, Mathematics, Reading, Science, and an optional Writing Test.
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SAT Test:
Each assessment in the SAT Suite of Assessments — the SAT, PSAT/NMSQT, PSAT 10, and PSAT 8/9 — includes a Reading Test, a Writing and Language Test, and a Math Test. The SAT also features an optional essay component, which some colleges will require. Questions throughout the assessments focus on skills that matter most for college readiness and success, according to the latest research.